Opšta deklaracija o pravima čoveka

Član 1

Sva ljudska bića rađaju se slobodna i jednaka u dostojanstvu i pravima. Ona su obdarena razumom i svešću i treba jedni prema drugima da postupaju u duhu bratstva.

Član 2

(1) Svakom pripadaju sva prava i slobode proglašene u ovoj Deklaraciji bez ikakvih razlika u pogledu rase, boje, pola, jezika, veroispovesti, političkog ili drugog mišljenja, nacionalnog ili društvenog porekla, imovine, rođenja ili drugih okolnosti.

(2) Dalje, neće se praviti nikakva razlika na osnovu političkog, pravnog ili međunarodnog statusa zemlje ili teritorije kojoj neko lice pripada, bilo da je ona nezavisna, pod starateljstvom, nesamoupravna, ili da joj je suverenost na ma koji drugi način ograničena.

Član 3

Svako ima pravo na život, slobodu i bezbednost ličnosti.

Član 4

Niko se ne sme držati u ropstvu ili potčinjenosti: ropstvo i trgovina robljem zabranjeni su u svim oblicima.

Član 5

Niko ne sme biti podvrgnut mučenju ili svirepom, nečovečnom ili ponižavajućem postupku ili kazni.

Član 6

Svako ima pravo da svuda bude priznat kao pravni subjekt.

Član 7

Svi su pred zakonom jednaki i imaju pravo bez ikakve razlike na podjednaku zakonsku zaštitu. Svi imaju pravo najednaku zaštitu protiv bilo kakve diskriminacije kojom se krši ova Deklaracija i protiv svakog podsticanja na ovakvu diskriminaciju.

Član 8

Svako ima pravo da ga nadležni nacionalni sudovi efikasno štite od dela kršenja osnovnih prava koja su mu priznata ustavom ili zakonom.

Član 9

Niko ne sme biti proizvoljno uhapšen, pritvoren, niti proteran.

Član 10

Svako ima potpuno jednako pravo na pravično javno suđenje pred nezavisnim i nepristrasnim sudom koji će odlučiti o njegovim pravima i obavezama, i o osnovanosti svake krivične optužbe protiv njega.

Član 11

(1) 1. Svako ko je optužen za krivično delo ima pravo da bude smatran nevinim dok se na osnovu zakona krivica ne dokaže na javnom suđenju na kojem su mu obezbeđene sve garantije potrebne za njegovu odbranu.

(2) 2. Niko ne sme biti osuđen za dela ili propuste koji nisu predstavljali krivično delo po nacionalnom ili međunarodnom pravu u vreme kada su izvršeni. Isto tako ne sme se izricati teža kazna od one koja se mogla primeniti u vreme kada je krivično delo izvršeno.

Član 12

Niko ne sme biti izložen proizvoljnom mešanju u privatni život,porodicu, stan ili prepisku, niti napadima na čast i ugled. Svako ima pravo na zakonsku zaštitu protiv ovakvog mešanja ili napada.

Član 13

(1) 1. Svako ima pravo na slobodu kretanja i izbora stanovanja u granicama pojedine države.

(2) 2. Svako ima pravo da napusti bilo koju zemlju, uključujući vlastitu, i da se vrati u svoju zemlju.

Član 14

(1) 1. Svako ima pravo da traži i uživa u drugim zemljama utočište od proganjanja.

(2) 2. Ha ovo se pravo se niko ne može pozvati u slučaju gonjenja za krivična dela koja nisu političkog karaktera ili progona zbog dela koja su u suprotnosti sa ciljevima i načelima Ujedinjenih nacija.

Član 15

(1) 1. Svako ima pravo na državljanstvo.

(2) 2. Niko ne sme samovoljno biti lišen svog državljanstva niti prava da promeni državljanstvo.

Član 16

(1) 1. Punoletni muškarci i žene, bez ikakvih ograničenja u pogledu rase, državljanstva ili vere, imaju pravo da sklope brak i da osnuju porodicu. Oni su ravnopravni prilikom sklapanja braka, za vreme njegovog trajanja i prilikom njegovog razvoda.

(2) 2. Brak se zaključuje samo slobodnim i potpunim pristankom lica koja stupaju u brak.

(3) 3. Porodica je prirodna i osnovna ćelija društva i ima pravo na zaštitu društva i države.

Član 17

(1) 1. Svako ima pravo da poseduje imovinu, sam kao i u zajednici s drugima.

(2) 2. Niko ne sme biti samovoljno lišen imovine.

Član 18

Svako ima pravo na slobodu misli, savesti i vere; ovo pravo uključuje slobodu promene vere ili ubeđenja i slobodu da čovek, bilo sam ili u zajednici s drugima, javno ili privatno, upražnjava svoju veru ili ubeđenje putem nastave, vršenja kulta i obavljanja obreda.

Član 19

Svako ima pravo na slobodu mišljenja i izražavanja, što obuhvata i pravo da ne bude uznemiravan zbog svog mišljenja, kao i pravo da traži, prima i širi obaveštenja i ideje bilo kojim sredstvima i bez obzira na granice.

Član 20

(1) 1. Svako ima pravo na slobodu mirnog okupljanja i udruživanja.

(2) 2. Niko ne može biti primoran da pripada nekom udruženju.

Član 21

(1) 1. Svako ima pravo da učestvuje u upravljanju svojom zemljom,neposredno ili preko slobodno izabranih predstavnika.

(2) 2. Svako ima pravo da na ravnopravnoj osnovi stupa u javnu službu u svojoj zemlji.

(3) 3. Volja naroda je osnova državne vlasti; ova volja treba da se izražava na povremenim i slobodnim izborima, koji će se sprovoditi opštim i jednakim pravom glasa, tajnim glasanjem ili odgovarajućim postupkom kojim se obezbeđuje sloboda glasanja.

Član 22

Svako, kao član društva, ima pravo na socijalno osiguranje i pravo da ostvaruje privredna, društvena i kulturna prava neophodna za svoje dostojanstvo i za slobodan razvoj svoje ličnosti, uz pomoć države i međunarodne saradnje, a u skladu s organizacijom i sredstvima svake države.

Član 23

(1) 1. Svako ima pravo na rad, na slobodan izbor zaposlenja, na pravične i zadovoljavajuće uslove rada i na zaštitu od nezaposlenosti.

(2) 2. Svako, bez ikakve razlike, ima pravo na jednaku platu za jednaki rad.

(3) 3. Svako ko radi ima pravo na pravednu i zadovoljavajuću naknadu koja njemu i njegovoj porodici obezbeđuje egzistenciju koja odgovara ljudskom dostojanstvu i koja će, ako bude potrebno, biti upotpunjena drugim sredstvima socijalne zaštite.

(4) 4. Svako ima pravo da obrazuje i da stupi u sindikate radi zaštite svojih interesa.

Član 24

Svako ima pravo na odmor i razonodu, uključujući razumno ograničenje radnog vremena i povremeni plaćeni odmor.

Član 25

(1) 1. Svako ima pravo na životni standard koji obezbeđuje zdravlje i blagostanje, njegovo i njegove porodice, uključujući hranu, odeću, stan i lekarsku negu i potrebne socijalne službe, kao i pravo na osiguranje u slučaju nezaposlenosti, bolesti, invalidnosti, udovištva, starosti, ili drugih slučajeva gubljenja sredstava za izdržavanje usled okolnosti nezavisnih od njegove volje.

(2) 2. Majke i deca imaju pravo na naročito staranje i pomoć. Sva deca, rođena u braku ili van njega uživaju jednaku socijalnu zaštitu.

Član 26

(1) 1. Svako ima pravo na školovanje. Školovanje treba da bude besplatno bar u osnovnim i nižim školama. Osnovna nastava je obavezna. Tehnička i stručna nastava treba da bude opšte dostupna, a viša nastava treba da bude svima podjednako pristupačna na osnovu utvrđenih kriterijuma.

(2) 2. Školovanje treba da bude usmereno punom razvoju ljudske ličnosti i jačanju poštovanja ljudskih prava i osnovnih sloboda. Ono treba da unapređuje razumevanje, trpeljivost i prijateljstvo među svim narodima,rasnim i verskim grupacijama, kao i delatnost Ujedinjenih nacija za održavanje mira.

(3) 3. Roditelji imaju prvenstveno pravo da biraju vrstu školovanja za svoju decu.

Član 27

(1) 1. Svako ima pravo da slobodno učestvuje u kulturnom životu zajednice, da uživa u umetnosti i da učestvuje u naučnom napretku i u dobrobiti koja otuda proističe.

(2) 2. Svako ima pravo na zaštitu moralnih i materijalnih interesa koji proističu iz bilo kog naučnog, književnog ili umetničkog dela čiji je on tvorac.

Član 28

Svako ima pravo na društveni i međunarodni poredak u kojem prava i slobode objavljeni u ovoj Deklaraciji mogu biti potpuno ostvareni.

Član 29

(1) 1. Svako ima dužnost prema zajednici koja jedina omogućava slobodno i puno razvijanje njegove ličnosti.

(2) 2. U vršenju svojih prava i ostvarivanju sloboda svako može biti podvrgnut samo onim ograničenjima koja su predviđena zakonom u cilju obezbeđenja nužnog priznanja i poštovanja prava i sloboda drugih i u cilju zadovoljenja pravičnih zahteva morala, javnog poretka i opšteg blagostanja u demokratskom društvu.

(3) 3. Ova prava i slobode ni u kom slučaju ne mogu se izvršavati protivno ciljevima i načelima Ujedinjenih nacija.

Član 30

(1) Nijedna odredba ove Deklaracije ne može se tumačiti kao pravo za ma koju državu, grupu ili lice da preduzima bilo koju aktivnost ili da vrši bilo kakvu radnju usmerenu na poništenje prava i sloboda koji su u njoj sadržani.

(2) Source: United Nations Department of Public Information, NY

(3) Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(4) Preamble

(5) Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,

(6) Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,

(7) Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,

(8) Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,

(9) Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,

(10) Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,

(11) Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,

(12) Now, therefore,

(13) The General Assembly,

(14) Proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.

(15) Article 1

(16) All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

(17) Article 2

(18) Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.

(19) Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

(20) Article 3

(21) Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

(22) Article 4

(23) No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

(24) Article 5

(25) No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

(26) Article 6

(27) Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.

(28) Article 7

(29) All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.

(30) Article 8

(31) Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.

(32) Article 9

(33) No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

(34) Article 10

(35) Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.

(36) Article 11

(37) 1. Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.

(38) 2. No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.

(39) Article 12

(40) No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.

(41) Article 13

(42) 1. Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State.

(43) 2. Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.

(44) Article 14

(45) 1. Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.

(46) 2. This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

(47) Article 15

(48) 1. Everyone has the right to a nationality.

(49) 2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.

(50) Article 16

(51) 1. Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.

(52) 2. Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.

(53) 3. The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.

(54) Article 17

(55) 1. Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.

(56) 2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.

(57) Article 18

(58) Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.

(59) Article 19

(60) Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.

(61) Article 20

(62) 1. Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.

(63) 2. No one may be compelled to belong to an association.

(64) Article 21

(65) 1. Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.

(66) 2. Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country.

(67) 3. The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.

(68) Article 22

(69) Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.

(70) Article 23

(71) 1. Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.

(72) 2. Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.

(73) 3. Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.

(74) 4. Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.

(75) Article 24

(76) Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.

(77) Article 25

(78) 1. Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.

(79) 2. Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.

(80) Article 26

(81) 1. Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.

(82) 2. Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.

(83) 3. Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.

(84) Article 27

(85) 1. Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.

(86) 2. Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.

(87) Article 28

(88) Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.

(89) Article 29

(90) 1. Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible.

(91) 2. In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.

(92) 3. These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

(93) Article 30

(94) Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.